CNC – Collision avoidance or collision detection?

For 5-axis applications not only does the CADCAM software have to consider actual collisions with the tool and the tool holder, but also the kinematics of the machine tool itself. For 3-axis machining the concern is mainly the tool length and holder ensuring that it can get into each part of the job without a collision.

For systems with just collision detection, the software tells the user that there is a problem and where the problem is, but the user then has to work out what needs to be done to get over the problem for himself. In some cases this can be very complex and requires detailed investigation of the surface topology of the part.

With CNC software such as WorkNC, users can generate the collided and uncollided toolpaths and get information about the minimum tool length required to finish the job. With this information engineers can cut as much of the part as possible with short rigid cutters and restrict to a minimum, machining with long tools. Best of all, the software does all the calculation for you, so that you can be sure of a reliable, safe and optimized result.

One of the benefits of 5-axis machining is being able to cut much more of the job in one setting with the shortest possible tools, minimizing resetting and secondary operations. If the CAM software just pinpoints where there is a problem, which it will do with collision detection, it is likely that the whole toolpath will need to be recalculated after the problem has been resolved. Producing a useable toolpath this way could take several attempts so at the very least it will be time consuming and tedious. With collision avoidance, the software goes a stage further as it anticipates potential problems as you are programming. Again giving the uncollided toolpath and inserting flip and unwind movements where the axis limits of the machine have been reached.

Having intelligence within the CAM software that provides a solution to potential problems as they occur has got to be a lot better than just letting the user know that a problem exists.

Antonius Köster, who uses WorkNC Auto 5 in Germany, gave this example of one of the problems resolved with collision avoidance. “For an aerospace supplier from the Black Forest, we machined a component which required the tool holder to move inside the part through a drilled hole so that we could mill a pocket at the bottom. Not only was the cutter moving inside the part, but the whole tool holder. This was a really challenging task.”

Working with lots of different CAD systems

Working with lots of different CAD systems – for subcontractors and suppliers this can be a real headache and especially if you are working with automotive or aerospace customers that use some of the high-end CAD packages.

In some cases there is no alternative to actually installing one of these CAD systems and employing a very expensive design engineer to run it, which can be justified if the majority your work is in the one market sector and you have to actively participate in the customer’s design process.

Thankfully for most people, CAD translation has moved on enough to make this unnecessary. For CAM systems neutral formats such as IGES and STEP or direct translators for products like CATIA, SolidWorks and Inventor are very reliable, enabling manufacturers to accept data from many different sources without a problem.

Once you have accepted that translators are OK, you can then choose the best CAM system for your application. Even if you have had to install the high-end CAD, transfer of model data is generally one way into the CAM system, so even for these applications a specialist, best of breed, CAM package will provide the best solution, reducing cycle times, improving quality and reducing tool breakage – real tangible savings.

Supply chain collaboration

More and more industries are following the lead of the automotive and aerospace sectors and working very closely with suppliers to achieve consistent high quality, competitive prices, reliable delivery and innovative design. Automotive companies have some very sophisticated communication software to share design data and maintain it at the correct release level, so that the right version of the product is being manufactured. When you consider how many parts go into a car, the design iterations, and the different models of each vehicle, not to mention the spare parts market, it is easy to understand how complex this can be.

On a smaller scale, every company can make use of this type of technology with CAD viewing and analysis software, such as WorkXPlore 3D. Low cost and free versions of this exist, making it practical and cost effective to share design data with many more people inside a company and throughout its supply chain.

It is well known that the largest costs associated with a new product come once the first parts or prototypes are manufactured. Getting the design right before this stage is reached clearly makes a lot of sense. By sharing data, potential problems can be spotted early, new ideas can be incorporated, and cost implications of different design options accurately assessed. Not only does this help to get the product right first time, but it helps to keep costs down, optimizes the design and helps manufacturers get products to market earlier. Not bad for low cost and free!

Winglets, Efficiency and CAM Software?

Recently I had the opportunity to visit the NBAA (National Business Aviation Association) event and conferences in Atlanta Georgia. This event specializes in products and services for the business jet. Since WorkNC is as well suited for aerospace manufacturing as it is for automotive or mold & die machining, it makes sense to participate in these events.

Part of this trip included a tour of Delta Airline’s Tech Ops, a facility with hundreds of people that service not only Delta planes, but planes from other carriers. This facility provides many aircraft services including:

  • Turbine engine maintenance and overhaul
  • Avionics maintenance and upgrades
  • Creating replacement carbon fiber components
  • Landing gear maintenance including brakes
  • Painting and applying decals to complete jet airliner exteriors

Since the airline industry runs on a tight schedule, this maintenance facility also runs on a tight schedule. After scoping an engine, maintenance specialists schedule how long it will take to rebuild the engine. This scheduling is important, because several days later, a plane will be scheduled to receive that engine.

One of the things that surprised many on the tour was that the jet engines do not stay with the planes. Often, when a plane is ready to have its engines serviced, it is brought in during the evening, the engine is exchanged with a rebuilt one during the night, and the plane is ready for passenger duty by the morning. The plane does not sit around while waiting for its engines to be serviced.

Upon consideration, this makes perfect sense. Airlines only make money when their jets are actually in service, carrying people to their destinations. Jets sitting on the ground waiting for an engine do not bring in revenue to the airline.

This is analogous to machining and manufacturing. Your CNC machine only makes you money while it is running, cutting parts. An idle machine is only a depreciating asset. So like the airline industry, it makes sense to keep the machines running as much as possible.

Winglet on Boeing 757

Another very interesting thing learned was about Winglets. These are the small vertical or near vertical tip you see often on the ends of airplane wings. I’ve seen them on some planes before, but not on others, and just assumed they were part of the differences in plane designs or versions. It turns out, winglets increase the lift at the tip of the wing by reducing the drag of wingtip vortices. What this means in simple terms is that winglets save Jet Fuel, to the tune of about 2%-3.5% . It has been estimated that winglets have saved over 2.3 Billion gallons of jet fuel to date.

Delta Airlines is slowly adding winglets to most of their fleet. The process of retrofitting a winglet to an existing jet liner takes 4 to 8 days, depending on the type of jet. This is a significant investment for a company that changes jet engines over night to minimize downtime, that a 2% fuel mileage savings is worth that many days of down time. It shows how important something like 2% can be to Delta Airlines.

Which inevitably brings me to CAM software. We know from benchmarking and testing that WorkNC’s roughing algorithms often provide a 20%, and often more, improvement in milling efficiency than many other systems, whilst providing better tool life. Yet, there are so many companies that seem afraid to verify this for themselves. It’s almost like they are willing to trade efficiency and productivity to keep the status quo, or to have only one system or to make IT support easier. In this day and age, you should not, and really can not, turn your head on checking out anything that can improve part of your operation by 20%.